Lappet faced vulture - Torgos Tracheliotus

[OldGreenVulture]

Lappet-faced Vultures or Nubian Vultures.

The Lappet-faced Vulture or Nubian Vulture, Torgos tracheliotus is an African Old World vulture belonging to the bird order Accipitriformes, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the only member of the genus Torgos. A distinct subspecies T. t. negevensis occurs in the Sinai, the Negev desert and probably in north-west Saudi Arabia.

It is not closely related to the superficially similar New World vultures, and does not share the good sense of smell of some members of that group.



Description
It is about 95--115 cm (37--45 in) in body length, with a wingspan of 2.5--3 m (8.2--9.9 ft). Wild vultures, of the subspecies T. t. tracheliotus, range from 4.4 to 9.4 kg (9.8--20.7 lbs) and, in East Africa, average only 6.2 kg (13.6 lbs). On the other hand, captive vultures of the slightly larger T. t. negevensis subspecies, weighed 6.5--9.2 kg (14.3--20.2 lbs) in males and 10.5--13.9 kg (23.1--30.6 lbs) in females

Like many vultures, it has a bald head. The pink (sometimes reddish) coloration is a distinctive feature. The head is bald because a feathered head would become spattered with blood and other fluids, and thus be difficult to keep clean.




Diet / Feeding.
It is a scavenging bird, feeding mostly from animal carcasses animals which it finds by sight or by watching other vultures. Large carcasses, since they provide the most subsistence at a sitting, are preferred.

Lappet-faced Vultures, perhaps more than any other vulture, will on occasion attack young and weak living animals and raid the nests of other birds. Locally, Lesser Flamingoes, among others, have been reported to be culled by Lappet-faces in this way.

They are the most powerful and aggressive of the African vultures and other vultures usually cede a carcass to the Lappet-faced Vulture. This is often beneficial to the less powerful vultures because the Lappet-face can tear through the tough hides and muscles of large mammals that the others cannot penetrate, although hyenas are even more efficient in this regard.

www.beautyofbirds.com/lappetfacedvultures.html

[OldGreenVulture]

Some info of the LPV obtained from 'Vultures of Africa' by Peter Mundy - I have to do a little summarising as it would consume my time typing out everything word for word:

Subspecies:
Tracheliotos: wholly white thighs, large lappets, and scarlet bald head.
South African species: yellow bill from experience and East African: mostly black bill
Nubicus: less developed lappets, pink head, thighs generally brownish. North Africa.
Negevensis: Middle east, Isreali (Negev Desert), browner and less colourful, greyish face, the skin at the back head is pink, thick down covering the heas (the other two subspecies are bald as adults) - thicker in males than females, small or no lappets, dark brownish thighs, balckish bill.

pg 151 - 152

LPV's behaviour, feeding and interaction with other species of vultures, birds, and mamalian carnivores at carcases:

Most LPVs are seen at carcasses of large animals from impala to elephant in size, and domestic livestock. They come to large carcasses more for social interaction than for feeding


At carcasses of most plains, the "lesser species" must wait for somebody to tear the skin , in comes the LPV and obliges the waiting throng, and then because of its own general lack of interest for a large carcass, it soon wonders away. Other vultures do bebefit when the 'King' behaves in this manner

pg 157

I regret to say the LPV's beak is said to be unable to penetrate extremely large animal carcasses like girrafes to elephants which are intact so the previous source I posted might be exggegeration or might mean the LPV can penetrate through them but with difficulty (however, that beak is still capable of penetrating fresh hide of zebra and wildebeast carcasses) - sorry I did not write that account down Sad.

Lappet-faced vultures have been seen at many other food sources. These include barbel (catfish) 'parties', terrapins nest, and road cassualty of a secretary bird.


Adult and young flamango may be killed at colonies and also flamango eggs, wildebeest placentae and lamb carcasses


Known to accompany springbok haerds in the kalahari when feeding occurs, and to feed on any weak or lost fawns


Hunt for concealed fawns of Thomson's Gazzelle...........no eyewitness of actual predation, although found at freshly dead (warm) Thomson's Gazalle fawns in the Sarengetti, and a Helmeted Guines fowl in Zimbabwe.


Ethopia: brief account of a vulture 'coorporating' with two ravens "killing a hare".


Found on smalll carcases that circumstantially suggests predation (e,g, vervet monkeys, golden jackals, bat-eared foxes, an african wild cat, and a fledgling secretary bird.
Sometimes an eagle has been nearby, such as an immature martial eagle near the dead vervet monkey, and therefore possible the vulture 'pirated; the remains of an eagle.

pg 158

Both (LPV and WHV) are disdainful of large carcasses: LPVs arrive at them and spend more time socialising, and WHVs may usually find them but rarely take away any food.

pg 268

Rather, we prefer to think that the martial eagle had preyed upon the Vervet Monkey and had the kill 'pirated' by the vultures. It may be that vultures often pirate what an eagle has killed, though surely eagles are very possessive of their kill and can mantle over it with vigour, at a large carcass, vultures are usually dominant over both bateleur and tawny eagles.

pg 269

Adults (LPVs) are frequently in pairs, and one or sometimes both merely leap dramatically at the throng of griffons covering the carcasses.

pg 260

They have been cloaked in straight glides at speeds of 42 to 67 kph.

pg 156

Poison1981 can confirm those and probably post whatever I have missed out on.

kills by impact and immediate tearing by its bill.

pg 158

The LPV has the most massive bill, and indeed most massive among most birds of prey. It is larger than that of the Cinereous vulture.

pg 249

Armed with teeth, a jackal is usually dominant over any single vulture although it keeps a wary eye out on a LPV.

pg 251

LPV and WHV take great exception to the marabaos and may even attack them with vigour. Marabaos dominate those two species on 13 occassions, as opposeed to 19 occassions on reverse.

pg 255

Edit: I forgot which page has this but a LPV is capable of killing prey which wieghs one to 20 kg.
A little more info:
Bare parts: Eyes dark brown. Adult bill pale yellow-horn or greenish-brown to blackish, juvenile blackish-horn to yellowish-grey. Cere pale blue to pale grey-blue, duller on juvenile. Bare skin of adult head pink to purplish-pink, with bluer cheeks, flushing scarlet and purple-blue in excitement; juvenile pale pink (variably covered in down). Adult feet pale blue to blue-grey, juvenile grey-brown.


pg 440 from 'Raptors of the World.

The vulture roosted on top of the rooftop bar at night and was fed daily carcass scraps from the kitchen. In the evening I would go up and watch the sunset with the vulture, taking the opportunity to get a really close look at him (if it was a him). I can remember one of the things that struck me was the size of his gray-blue feet, immensely sturdy with powerful, but not sharp or elongated, talons. It is the beak that the vulture uses to rip into carcasses, not the claws.


www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=7172

According to 'Vultures of Africa by Peter Mundy, the LPVs feet is as big as a man's hand (thats as big as that of a crowned eagle's feet and close to that of a harpy eagle).

[OldGreenVulture]

Vulture attacks jackal

Recently I was fortunate enough to witness a lappet-faced vulture and black backed jackal interaction at a vulture restaurant close to Polokwane in South Africa on a property called Mockford Farms.

The lappet-faced vulture arrived at the restaurant, interacted with the other vultures and then a black-backed jackal went for the vultures. However the roles were reversed when the lappet-faced vulture retaliated and attacked the jackal. After the altercation the lappet vulture seemed to be the winner as he continued to feed as the jackal retreated.

africageographic.com/blog/vulture-attacks-jackal/

[OldGreenVulture]

Lappet-Faced Vulture
Lappet-Faced Vulture
Scientific Classification
Common Name lappet-faced vultureKingdomAnimaliaPhylumChordataClassAvesOrderFalconiformesFamily AccipitridaeGenus SpeciesTorgos tracheliotus
Fast Facts
Description

The lappet-faced vulture is a large bird with a heavy head and massive bill. It has mainly dark feathers and is easily identified by its bare pink head and large, fleshy lappets (folds of skin) on sides of its neck.Size Approximately 100–105 cm (39.5–41.5 in.); wingspan 2.6 m (8.5 ft)Weight Up to 13.6 kg (30 lbs.)Diet Mainly feeds on carrion; prefers smaller dead animals such as gazelle, hares, etc.; will feed opportunistically on insects and small birdsIncubation Approximately 7 weeksClutch Size 1 eggSexual Maturity Approximately 4–5 yearsLife Span 20–50 yearsRange Sub-Sahara Africa, Middle East, southern ArabiaHabitat Inhabits arid open country; into parts of mountain and semi-desert rangesPopulationGlobal: Estimated at about 8,500 individualsStatus IUCN: Not listed
CITES: Appendix II
USFWS: Vulnerable
Fun Facts
The lappet-faced vulture is one of the most aggressive of African birds. It possesses one of the strongest beaks, usually arriving last to the carcass due to its ability to tear off flesh (such as skin, tendons, and other coarse tissue) that is too tough for smaller scavengers. In fact, they are able to strip a small antelope carcass to the bone within 20 minutes.
Because of their dominating size, they will often scare off or steal from smaller vultures.
These vultures do not feed strictly on carrion; they have been known to sit by termite mounds or locust nests and eat them as they emerge from their holes.
At other times, lappet-faced vultures will raid flamingo colonies, killing adults, young, and eating the eggs.
They are usually solitary or live in pairs. Contrary to popular belief, they do not smell the carrion, but rather by watching the behavior of other birds, they are able to locate the food.
Their featherless heads and necks help them to keep clean because they can shake off any sticky remains of their meals. The sun bakes off bacteria and parasites from the carcass since this the hardest part of the body to preen.
For more information about raptors, explore the Raptors InfoBook.
Ecology and Conservation
The scavenging behavior of the lappet-faced vultures helps break down and recycle animal matter. They aid in the removal of carcasses when it begins to rot. Vulture eggs and young are prey for other predators such as crows.

Small, scattered breeding populations, habitat loss, and poison carcasses used by some farmers have all helped in diminishing the lappet-faced numbers.

Bibliography
Gotch, A.F. Birds - Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, Dorst: Blandford Press, 1981.

Perrins, C. Birds: Their Life, Their Ways, Their World. New York: The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. 1979.

Perrins, C. M. and A. L.A. Middleton, eds. The Encyclopedia of Birds. New York: Facts on File Pub. 1985.

Birdlife International: birdlife.org/datazone/search/species
seaworld.org/animals/facts/birds/lappet-faced-vulture/

[OldGreenVulture]

Torgos tracheliotos (Forster 1791) is the extant lappet-faced vulture, an Old World vulture related to Falco, the falcon, Tyto, the owl, and Apus, the swift. It is not closely related to the New World vulture, Coragyps.

reptileevolution.com/tyto.htm

[OldGreenVulture]

There is no extant vulture that cam beat a lappet faced vulture in terms of beak strength and aggression which has feet as large as a man's hand (as large as a harpy eagle'a feet). The Eurasian black vulture does possess bigger feet than the former.

[OldGreenVulture]